American Tattoo Artists

In 2017, we reported on Canadian model Catt Gallinger, the victim of an eye tattoo (also known as a sclera tattoo) gone wrong those viral snapshots of her eye crying purple tears had people feeling shaken. To be clear, this isn't a tattoo in the traditional sense. Instead, an artist, in this case, injects a tiny amount of ink under the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the front of the eye) and over the sclera (the whites of the eye).

The procedure was developed about 10 years ago by body-modification expert Luna Cobra and the late Shannon Larratt, who founded BME, the first extensive body modification e-zine. Cobra tells Allure he initially performed it "a few different ways" on Larratt and two other subjects. "One method worked best, so I spent the next two years refining it," says Cobra, who has gone on to safely tattoo hundreds of eyeballs.

Still, just because he dreamed up eyeball tattoos doesn't mean he thinks theyre a good idea (to note, neither Allure nor the American Academy of Opthalmology recommend or endorse sclera tattoos). In fact, he tries to talk clients out of it. "To be honest, every person that contacts me about eyeball tattoos gets the same letter back," he says. "I explain they really should invest in quality contacts and wear those for a long time."

If they insist on the real thing? "I tell them if you think there's even a possibility you might not want this in the future, please don't get it done because you can't reverse it," he says.

After refining and perfecting the process, Cobra's more comfortable performing sclera tattoos now than he was at first. "For the first five years, doing sclera tattoos really bothered me," he recalls. "I was really worried about the clients I'd call them for days to make sure they were okay."

"If you think there's even a possibility you might not want this in the future, please don't get it done because you can't reverse it."

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That's because the medical risks are pretty scary: Once another substance is injected into the layers of the eye, it can cause chronic inflammation of the wall of the eye, says Kendall E. Donaldson, an associate professor of ophthalmology at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

That not's the worst of it, as New York City-based ophthalmologist Ilyse Haberman adds. "If the ink is not injected into the right place,the needlecan perforate the eye and the ink can be injected into the eyeball itself," she explains. "This can lead to a retinal detachment, infection, and permanent damage to the cells inside the eye that allow you to see." According to her, someone could even lose their sight or their entire eye permanently if the job isn't done with the utmost care.

According to Gallingers viral Facebook post, her ordeal was caused by an untrained artist not using enough injection sites and overfilling the ones he created with undiluted ink. The following Facebook update reported that she experienced pain, and suffering blurred and double vision for quite some time.

"Think twice" might be the understatement of the year when it comes to sticking a needle in your eye, but even perfectly-executed sclera tattoos can affect people in unpredictable ways. "Because the ink is slightly raised, you may have a permanent foreign body sensation," Haberman points out, meaning that the feeling of having a little piece of dust in your eye could be yours forever. And then there's the simple fact that sclera tattoos might scare the absolute hell out of some people.

"If the ink is not injected into the right place... it can lead to a retinal detachment, infection, and permanent damage to the cells inside the eye that allow you to see."

Consider this warning from Luna Cobra regarding black sclera, one of the more popular requests he gets (see Italian model Cristian Ombra and Polish rapper/ MMA fighter Popek): "When someone wants a black eyeball and they have dark brown irises, I warn them theyre going to scare the crap out of everybody forever," he says. You can't tell where they're looking, and its off-putting. It's a little bit harder to interact with somebody like that."

If all of that still isn't enough to convince you of this procedure's risks, considering that this procedure is still relatively new there aren't any folks yet who have decades-old eye tattoos for us to observe their longevity. And, as Haberman explains, there's no substantial research to determine the procedure's safety and results. "This procedure has not been scientifically studied or approved and would never be performed by a medical doctor," she says. In fact, legislation has been introduced (and passed) in several states to ban this type of body modification altogether.

Gallinger is finished with eyeball tattoos, even if they were to come from Luna Cobra himself. A reader once asked her if she'd consider letting the originator do her other eye. Her answer was a firm no. "Although he is very reputable and I highly respect him, I won't be allowing anyone near it."

More on body modification:

The Complete Guide to Glow in the Dark Tattoos

Experts Weigh in on This Video of Someone Getting 3 Ear Piercings at Once

A Man Had Part of His Ear Cut Out in a Controversial Conch Removal Procedure

Now, see what it's like to get tattooed for the first time:

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Originally Appeared on Allure

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The Dangerous Risks of Eye Tattoos, According to Body Modification Artist Who Invented Them - Yahoo Lifestyle